Exact interaction mechanism between Bax and Bcl-XL, two key Bcl-2 family proteins, is an interesting and controversial issue. Partial acceptor photobleaching-based quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement, PbFRET, is a widely used FRET quantification method in living cells. In this report, we implemented pixel-to-pixel PbFRET imaging on a wide-field microscope to map the FRET e±ciency (ET images of single living HepG2 cells co-expressing CFP-Bax and YFP-Bcl-XL. The E value between CFP-Bax and YFP-Bcl-XL was 4.59% in cytosol and 11.31% on mitochondria, conclusively indicating the direct interaction of the two proteins, and the interaction of the two proteins was strong on mitochondria and modest in cytosol.

Both the nature of avalanche ionization (AI) and the role of multi-photon ionization (MPI) in the studies of laser-induced damage have remained controversial up to now. According to the model proposed by Stuart et al., we study the role of MPI and AI in laser-induced damage in two dielectric films, fused silica (FS) and barium aluminum borosilicate (BBS), irradiated by 780-nm laser pulse with the pulse width range of 0.01-5 ps. The effects of MPI and initial electron density on seed electron generation are numerically analyzed. For FS, laser-induced damage is dominated by AI for the entire pulse width regime due to the wider band-gap. While for BBS, MPI becomes the leading power in damage for the pulse width \tau less than about 0.03 ps. MPI may result in a sharp rise of threshold fluence Fth on \tau, and AI may lead to a mild increase or even a constant value of Fth on \tau. MPI serves the production of seed electrons for AI when the electron density for AI is approached or exceeded before the end of MPI. This also means that the effect of initial electron can be neglected when MPI dominates the seed electron generation. The threshold fluence Fth decreases with the increasing initial electron density when the latter exceeds a certain critical value.

采用Nd∶YAG三倍频激光对光学薄膜进行了预处理。实验发现三倍频激光预处理对薄膜的抗激光损伤能力有明显的影响,影响规律比较复杂,归纳得出合适激光预处理能量密度与测试激光能量密度有关。理论上借助杂质诱导薄膜损伤的概率统计模型,从激光预处理引起的激光微区退火以及形成微尺寸损伤两个主要方面着手,很好地解释了复杂的实验现象。总体上看,预处理激光能量密度低于激光退火所需临界能量密度时,预处理效果以负作用为主;预处理激光能量密度高于激光退火所需临界能量密度,且低于激光诱导薄膜微损伤所需临界能量密度时,预处理效果以改善薄膜抗激光损伤能力为主,预处理激光能量密度要尽量选在这个范围内;预处理激光能量密度高于激光诱导薄膜微损伤所需临界能量密度时,预处理效果同样以负作用为主。